Investigation of Students Different Learning Styles Essay

Investigation of Students Different Learning Styles This report investigates differing learning styles of an AVCE second year student group. Firstly the report provides a critical account of the context of the course; it’s provision and relevant information about the learners and how some aspects of learning theory can be applied within the delivery of the Project Management module. Taking into account the theoretical issues a scheme of work, lesson plans and teaching material was prepared for the project management module, which I am unit leader for next semester. The second part of the report provides a critical review of the scheme of work and lesson plans and justifies the learning†¦show more content†¦13 4.9 Evaluation of learning materials used. 14 4.10 Evaluation of Student Learning. 14 4.11 Strengths and weaknesses of the sessions. 15 5. References. 16 6. Bibliography. 17 Appendix A Scheme Of Work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Appendix B Lesson Plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 Appendix C Teaching materials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..21 Appendix D Presentation Slides ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.22 3. Terms of Reference ===================== This report is intended to satisfy the requirements of an assignment that has been set as part of an In-Service PGCE in Education. A group of learners will be selected that I am currently teaching and relevant information about these learners will be provided along with some of the factors influencing (positively or negatively) their learning. An account will be given of the main features of one or more theories of learning, which seem to you to be relevant to these learners. As a result a scheme of work and lesson plans will be prepared and delivered. The report will conclude with an evaluation of the scheme of work and lesson plans and how the experience will affect future practice. 4. Understanding and Managing the Learning Process ================================================== 4.1 Introduction ---------------- Understanding and managing theShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Learning Styles And Academic / Workplace Environment Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STYLES AND ACADEMIC/WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT 1. Learning styles: Learning styles refer to the different ways that people process and retain information and they serve as an indicator of the learning method that each student prefers. The learning styles theories/models that we will discuss about in this report are the Neil Fleming’s Visual-Auditory-Read/Write-Kinesthetic model and David Kolb’s Experiential Learning model. a. Visual-Auditory-Read/Write-Kinesthetic model:Read MoreDifferent Methods Of Assessment At University Education1457 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction As an increasing number of students are studying at university level which has become a common topic for discussion today. More and more researchers pay close attention to this as well as the forms or methods of assessment. Universities across the globe have a variety of methods. Different methods of assessment accomplish distinct aims, and students should be tested with different forms of assessments according to their learning styles. This essay will discuss whether there should beRead MoreMy Career as a Teacher Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesto my students are threefold: I want to educate, motivate, and inspire. In order to have a productive learning environment where I will be able to educate my students, many different factors must take place. First and foremost, it is important to me that I master exceptional classroom management skills. Effective and efficient learning takes place when expectations in the classroom are consistent and clear. Also, discipline in the classroom will be proactive and understood by all students beginningRead MoreMy Ambition Of Wanting To Become A Teacher Originates From1682 Words   |  7 Pagesteaching at this class. Students were engaged, and it also allowed for differentiated instruction. In Language Arts, I planned a writer’s workshop and assessed their lovely works. For my third practicum experience, I was placed in a grade 3 classroom in Kingston. The class consisted of 20 students, one student had IEPs and other student had learning and language difficulties. Using visuals was a practical strategy I found effective to all students, but especially the students with special needs. IRead MorePortrait5Es Template2015sem1 21104 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿5Es Constructivist Lesson Sequence: Earth and Space Science Student name: Student number: Course: EDX2260 Assignment 2 Australian Curriculum: Science http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/Curriculum/F-10 Topic: Sky and Space (3 weeks duration) Year Level: Science Understanding (only select relevant statements) Science as a Human Endeavour (only select relevant statements) Science Inquiry Skills (only select relevant statements) Earth and Space Sciences Content description: ObservableRead MoreUsing Scientific Inquiry Model in High School Biology1339 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease student knowledge and skills. The intent of the activities is to help students become independent learners and use process thinking skills. Students seem to learn best by actually directing their own learning and doing, rather than being led from step to step by the teacher. In science, it is especially important that students learn by inquiry and use more of a hands-on approach to learning scientific concepts. According to Wilke and Straits (2005), inquiry-based learning is where students exploreRead MoreEssay on Vark Learning Styles963 Words   |  4 PagesStudents Learning StylesLearning is a complex process of acquiring knowledge or skills involving a learners biological characteristics/senses (physiological dimension); personality characteristics such as attention, emotion, motivation, and curiosity (affective dimension); information processing styles such as logical anal ysis or gut feelings (cognitive dimension); and psychological/individual differences (psychological dimension) (Dunn, Beaudry, amp; Klavas, 1989). Due to the multiples dimensionsRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography691 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis Of The Relationships Between Business Students’ Learning Styles And Effectiveness of Web Based Instruction. Based upon the journalist research of web based learning environment and different learning styles; it seems that web based learning environment is an excellent medium for enhancing learning, due to its ability to adjust to individual student learning styles and preferences. The article investigates the impact of students learning style and their performance. Online degrees haveRead MoreDifferent Learning Styles1314 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Learning styles commonly Used by the PNTC marine Transportation students A thesis presented to the Under graduate studies PNTC Colleges In partial fulfillment Of the requirement for The research amp; thesis writing By: J’Bryan G. Santiago Ronkiel R. Serrano Dennis L. Garan Rod Carlo D. Agpalo Reggie Eridio Chapter I A. Introduction According to Kolb’s (1984) many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles groupRead MoreEssay about Vark Learning Style Analysis1006 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: VARK LEARNING STYLE ANALYSIS VARK Learning Style Analysis Kathleen Nash Grand Canyon University NRS-429V, Family Centered Health Promotion July 22, 2012 VARK Learning Style Analysis The VARK learning preference tool provides individuals with information that they can utilize to enhance their learning process by helping them to study more effectively and efficiently. The VARK tool consists of a questionnaire that the learner takes to identify which senses the individual

Synthesis, Thermolysis, Novel Semicarbazones And...

Synthesis, Thermolysis, Photolysis and Animicrobial Evaluation of some Novel Semicarbazones and Thiosemicarbazones Derived from 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone Hydrazone. Hisham Abdallah A. Yosef * and Nabila M. Ibrahim Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Behouth Street, P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Abstract: Reaction of 3-Methyl-2-benzithiazolinone hydrazone (1) with some seleceted isocyanate and isothiocyanate reagents 2a−j gave the respective semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones 3a−j. Thermolysis of compound 3a under reduced pressure gave N,N`−dietylurea (4) in addition to 1,2-bis(3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)hydrazine (5). Compound 3a was almost quantitatively recovered upon its exposure to sunlight in methanol for 60 days. Elementary and spectroscopic measurements (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS) are in good accord with the structures postulated for the new compounds. The single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3f was given and its data were discussed. The synthesized compounds 3a-j as well as the hydrazone 1 were screened for their antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis (G+), Escherichia coli (G-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-) and Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and for their antifungal properties against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albican s. Some of the tested compounds showed an activity against the four bacterial strains where their order of activity was found to be 1 3g 3j 3i 3e

Unit 4 Development Free Essays

Unit 4: Development Through the Life Stages P1: Describe physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of the life stages of an individual. Through every life stage we experience physical, intellectual and social and emotional development. Physical development is when the appearance of the body changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 4 Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Intellectual development is the mental process of knowing, for example problem solving. The social and emotional development is when your emotions, your personality and social interactions begin. Conception is the process described when the penetration of an egg cell by a sperm cell fuses to form the first cell of a new living organism. Conception normally occurs in the fallopian tubes as a result of sexual intercourse. Pregnancy begins when the embryo implants or embeds itself in the living of the uterus wall and develops. An amniotic sac filled with fluid that surrounds the embryo and acts as a shock absorber. A placenta filled with the mother’s blood and through which the embryo obtains nutrients and eliminates waste. The umbilical cord contains the blood vessels that transport nutrients, oxygen and waste products between the embryo and the placenta. The first few weeks of the pregnancy are critical for the embryo and its development can be affected by the health and behaviour of the mother. The next life stage is birth and infancy this is to the age of 3 years. The physical developments throughout this stage are the following. The body doubles in height and quadruples in weight. Motor skills progress from simple reflexes to coordinates motor abilities such as grasping and walking. The child’s sensory and perceptual ability develops rapidly. For example when the baby is 0 to 6 months their short- sightedness reduces and their eyes begin to focus more clearly. Another physical development would the brain responding to stimulation, such as a child copying an adult clapping. The intellectual development in birth and infancy is when basic structure of language is learned through baby talk with adults. This development would usually occur 0 to 6 months. Babies often use crying, cooing and babbling as their first communication. Further language skills are developed by the age of 1, to constructing sentences by the age of 2. Children start to be aware of world progress through immediate sensory motor experiences such as hearing familiar voices and pointing. Lastly children start to think about the concept of objects, for example objects still exist when out of sight and awareness. This development occurs from 6 to 12 months when the child begins to pass objects between hands. It develops further at 18 to 24 months when children can throw a ball and use a crayon. By the end of birth and infancy children can build a tower of bricks and use scissors. The social and emotional developments in birth and infancy are the following. The child’s emotional responses change from basic reactions to more complex. For instance the child may become self-conscious when playing with other children. Independent behaviours increase with parental encouragement around feeding, dressing and toilet training. By the age of 18 to 24 months the child can use a spoon and remove some clothing. The ability to relate to playmates emerges at the end of birth and infancy the child; this shows the child has developed confidence and basic social skills. The fourth life stage is childhood; this is between the ages of 4 to 11 years old. One of the physical developments in the early ages of childhood is the brain; it attains 90% of adult weight by the age of 5 and develops faster than any other body part. Physical strength increase and body proportions become more adult like. Also athletic skills such as running and jumping dramatically improve in the early years of childhood. Fine motor skills involving the use of smaller muscles develop, allowing younger children to handle small objects with more accuracy such as pencils. When a child reaches the middle of its childhood the growth of the brain slows down, this is from the age of 7 to 9. Physical growth also slows but height spurts occur. Expansion of the heart and lung capacities supports more physical endurance such as swimming and football. In late childhood puberty begins with rising hormone levels. This also shows a specific physical change in gender, girls producing breasts and boys testes enlarging. Girls’ growth spurt begins with gains in height, weight and musculature. The intellectual developments for children in their early childhood are the following. Firstly social interactions with parents and play mates allow their knowledge about the world increase. Also language develops rapidly, resulting on average a 14,000 word vocabulary. In the middle stages of childhood a child’s memory capacity expands, as well as the ability to think about thought. As a result of this a child would be able to organise their own learning. In late childhood a child’s logical thought processes to abstract thinking. A child would have many language skills including synonyms, double meanings, metaphors and humour. There are several social and emotional developments that occur in the early stages of childhood. Firstly a child playing alone or with others becomes increasingly complex and imaginative. Also children become aware of gender roles. When children are near to the age of 6, they have the desire for independence and control over environment increases. This makes parent’s supervisory role more challenging. In the middle stages of childhood peer groups become more significant as dependence shifts to friends for help. Children experience loyalty and share mutual interests. The awareness of and involvement in outside world, increases awareness of family, economic and political conditions. In late childhood peer groups often divide into cliques due to many reasons, for example personality, style and beliefs. The awareness of gender stereotypes continues to increase. Issues increase around sibling rivalry and separation from family. The next stage in life is adolescence this is between the ages of 12 to 17 years old. The physical development in early adolescence is the body continues to grow in height and weight. Early adolescence is between the ages of 12 to 15. Another physical development is that girl’s growth spurts peaks while boys typically begin. The physical development in late adolescence which is ages between 16 to 19 years, this is the stage during puberty. This is when there are changes in level of growth and sex hormones which cause the development of sex organs. It also develops sexual characteristics. Females continue the develop breasts, but experience broadening of the hips, onset of menstruation and first ovulation, growth of pubic and armpit hair. Males experience growth of muscles, broadening of the shoulders, growth of the larynx, production of semen and body and pubic hair. Both genders have an increased activity of the sweat gland. One of the intellectual developments in adolescence is having the ability to grasp irony and sarcasm. The ongoing development of vocabulary expands to more abstract words. Also the understanding of complex grammar continues to improve. Lastly thinking becomes more self conscious and critical, this is usually influenced by the media. The ability to cope with new problems and situations is reached by the end of this period. There are many social and emotional developments in adolescence; this is mainly due to hormones. In the early stages of adolescence sexual orientation begins to emerge. This stage in life is where most parent and child conflicts are likely to happen. Also peer pressure is likely to increase at this stage. This is because children are getting to the age where they want to try new things out like alcohol, smoking and shoplifting. In late adolescence sexual orientation continues to develop, whereas cliques decline in importance. The process of developing and maintaining intimate relationships begin. At this stage your identity is greatly influenced by personal factors, including family and peer relationships, economic and political circumstances. Near the end of adolescence you are introduced to the world of work and career planning. Adulthood is between the ages of 18 to 65 years. The physical functioning increases through the 20’s and peaks around the age of 30, but can be maintained through exercise. In early adulthood, 20 to 40 years of age there is a gradual increase in weight and body fat and a decrease in lean muscle mass. The efficiency of many organ systems begins to diminish at the rate of 1% a year. Sexual responsiveness remains high throughout this period, although some men start to slow down. Physical appearance changes by developing grey hair and wrinkles towards the end of early adulthood, this continues into the middle stages of adulthood. When aged 40 to 65 years, health and potential onset diseases affected by preventive behaviour could appear. For example smokers could suffer from lung cancer. Also in this life stage gradual changes in hearing and vision will occur. Another main development in this life stage is menopause begins in women. In early adulthood the intellectual development of vocabulary and knowledge continues to grow through work interactions and every day problem solving. Wisdom begins to develop in early adulthood. In the middle of Adulthood reaction time and mental processing slows down due to old age. Another development in this life stage is short and long term memory remains relatively stable. The social and emotional developments in early adulthood are the following. Firstly the need of achievement is often met through satisfactory of work. Secondly friendships become particularly important for people who are single. Also personalities are most likely to change up to the age of 30, with additional maturation continuing into the 40’s. In the middle of Adulthood this is where it’s most likely for a mid life crisis, this is due to self confidence and their relationship with the world. This stage in life will often experience facing age discrimination. However this time of your life could experience the greatest productivity at work. The last stage of life is older adulthood this from the age of 65 and onwards. The physical development of this life stage is when the brain becomes smaller and functions more slowly. The body will weaken and this will affect organs and major body systems. A lot of older people suffer from arthritis because of muscle strength which causes stiffness of joints. In older adulthood short term memory may decline, but active exercise of mental abilities helps to maintain functioning. Intellectual developments in older adulthood include the decline of language abilities. In this stage of life there is a decrease in drivers due to the speed of processing information. Another development is the ability to receive information, organise and interpret it declines. There are also social and emotional developments for the older adulthood. For example the retirement experience is shaped by social class and gender factors, including income, health and amount of previous planning. In this stage of life human beings have a sense of well being which tends to be higher than all previous periods. Also a lot of older adults are extremely satisfied with life, this is usually dependent on family involvement. How to cite Unit 4 Development, Papers

Singapore Inflation free essay sample

In addition, Nuno Fontes from Trading Economics has said this temporary pick up had been anticipated in the January inflation report due to private road transport cost has climbed by 17. 4 percent in February, up from 10. 5 percent a month earlier. Business cycles are dated according to when the direction of economic activity changes. At the peak phase, the level of economic activities within the economy is high. Resources are full utilised and under such circumstances, cost of resources is high because increase price of goods and services produced. Inflation is defined as a continuous and sustained increase in the general price level for all goods and services and purchasing power is falling over a period of time. It can be analysed as cost push or demand pull inflation, or a combination of such effects. Inflation rate is a measure of percentage changing prices on a year-to-year basis and its formula is: [(CPI this year CPI last year) / CPI last year] x 100 When inflation rate is high, the commercial banks will reduce loans or change interest rates, consumption and investment decrease and real GDP will decrease. We will write a custom essay sample on Singapore Inflation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Singapore inflation remains stubbornly high caused mainly by a spike in certificate of entitlement (COE) prices, the persistent tightness in the domestic labour market result into wage increases and thus, may passed on to consumers through higher prices and lastly, the housing costs. Private road transport cost will continue to be a major contributor to inflation this year, especially given the continuous rise in COE. However, given the recent budget measures (imposing harsh car loan curbs), the transport cost may be expected to moderate but still, overall prices would still remain high as Singapore restructuring the economy to reduce the dependency of employing low-wage foreign labour including executive positions. Housing costs climbed 4. 2 percent in February, mainly because rentals continued to rise. Hence, resulting the other concern to the rising of business costs i. e rental and manpower cost. On top of the above, since Singapore imports almost everything it uses – from consumer goods to food and oil, a large part of which comes from rising import prices. Food inflation was higher at 2. 3 percent in February compared to 1. 0 percent in January mainly because of the small increase in food prices which was associated with the Chinese New Year. Service fees rose by 2. 7 percent in February comparing to January 1. 9 percent due to majority led by the increase in the cost of household services for foreign workers. There are 2 causes of inflation: 1. Demand-Pull Inflation occurs when the general price level rises due to an increase in aggregate demand (AD). AD will increase there are more disposable income due to decrease in personal income tax and result in purchasing power increase. 2. Cost-Push Inflation occurs when the general price level rises due to a rise in the cost of production. Due to rising costs, the consumption decrease and investment will falls because of the uncertainty of economy. Singapore may face this problem if assuming workers producing manufacturing export goods are retrenched due to rising costs and increased wage push. Singapore might face dampened economic growth if there is cost push inflation. When inflation occurs, it has negative impacts on the economy. i. e: ? ? ? Cost of living increase, compromise standard of living Loss of value of money saved Debtors gain, creditors lose Borrowers will benefit from inflation and lenders will lose from inflation, and this will lower investment lending. The Singapore government has roll out targeted measures to help Singaporeans deal with rising costs. Examples: ? Keeping the currency strong to dampen imported inflation and keep overall inflation as manageable as possible.

The Iroquois People of the Longhouse Essay Example Essay Example

The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Essay Example Paper The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Essay Introduction Anthropology Research Assignment The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Prepared for: Victor Gulewitsch TA: Cecibel Rodriguez ANTH115002 Prepared By: Ellen Griffin Student ID: 0726506 Date: March 17, 2011 The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Introduction The Iroquois are considered a branch of North American Indians, also known as Haudenosaunee or the â€Å"People of the Longhouse†. The Iroquois have greatly contributed to society through initiating the Iroquois confederacy also called the Iroquois League formed in 1570. The North American confederacy consists of five nations called: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, which resided in what is now known as Upstate New York. These tribes joined together as the â€Å" 5 civilized tribes† for strength and survival. Between 1715 1722, a tribe called Tuscaroras, who had moved North from California, were formally admitted into the confederacy, as the sixth tribe, but they were non-voting members, but were placed un der the protection of the Confederacy. (Colden, 1973) The Iroquois people were considered a hunter and gatherer society, they had to find and grow all their own food. In the early Iroquois stage the Iroquois people would grow maize and gather fish in the summer, but in the winter they would only hunt, these were there main sources of food. Later in the Iroquois stage there was an abundant source of agriculture farming, and they were finally able to grow corn, beans, and squash, which made up eighty percent of their daily diet. (Ali Behan, 2010) When trading among bands the Iroquois would use wampum’s, traditional, sacred shell beads as a type of currency. The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Essay Body Paragraphs The Europeans realized the importance of wampum’s to the Iroquois and used it as a medium of exchange. Initially wampum’s were used as a form of documenting important events. The Iroquois people had a lot of trade tools but also were able to obtain guns and ammunition through fur trade with the Europeans. (Snyderman, 1961) The Iroquois families built longhouses made of logs, which were divided into several compartments; this is how they acquired their name â€Å" People of the Longhouse†. Each family was in a separate compartment and each longhouse was surrounded in fort like form keeping their enemies afar. Colden 1973) The tribes picked areas surrounding Lake Ontario to live on; thus having lots of lakes and rivers to fish, abundant sources of thick wood, and land that was fertile enough to farm on. Summers were long, dry and hot, while winters were cold enough resulting in death. There were also abundant sources of trees to cut down to build shelter. The socia l structure of Iroquois tribes was based on matrilineal principles, as women owned all property and determined kinship. After marriage, men would move into the women’s longhouse, usually along with her parents. Their children would become members of the women’s clan. (Baskin, 1982) Situation/ Description A problem that came from the European influence on the Iroquois was alcoholism. Seventeen century Iroquois used alcohol for its â€Å"hallucinogenic properties† and then proceeded to use it as a â€Å"way of communicating with the supernatural†. (Conrad, 1999) As the people of these tribes realized what alcohol could help them accomplish, the Iroquois people began to drink more, becoming dependent on it, and resulting in their alcohol addictions. As the years went on, the emphasis of alcohol shifted to using it as a release. This would reduce anxiety and liberate aggression (Conrad, 1999). Alcoholism and substance abuse is still seen profoundly in the Iro quois nations. There were also issues of suicide in the Iroquois nations most commonly during the eighteen and nineteen century. These were hard times of change for the Iroquois, dealing with loss of lands, scarcity of game. They changed from a hunting and gathering society to an agricultural society. The Iroquois also believed that each person is given an allotted life span, and when a person believed his time was up and a natural death could not happen it was time for them to take their own life. The primary and very painful method of committing suicide was through the ingestion of the root of the water hemlock. This method became a tradition of the Iroquois tribe. (Fenton, 1986) The main forms of environmental issues included the activities of clearing and cutting down forests for new agriculture fields. This occurred primarily when their prior land was nutrient depleted. The Iroquois allied with the British and the French in the 1600 and 1700s, but also fought with them continuo usly over land issues. When the Europeans arrived in the area around the New York State in the early seventeenth century they became important trading partners to the Iroquois. The expansion of European settlement upset the Iroquois’ economic balance and forced confinement of the Iroquois clans to reservations. This also forced them to adapt to a traditional economic system. The loss of their cultural identity proved to be intolerable to these proud people. The Iroquois were also plagued by epidemics of disease, including the smallpox, brought by the Europeans resulting in the depopulation of the Iroquois. It then became harder for the Indians to keep the seats of the Confederacy of the grand council filled. The consequences were the confederacy continued to remain a symbolic system, but the operating confederacy had to change their policies and resort to other leaders (Colden, 1973). The French and Iroquois wars were conflicts fought in the late seventeenth century in Easter n N. America, these wars were commonly known as Beaver Wars. The Iroquois wanted to expand their territory and also take control over the fur trade. The Five Nations banned together lead by the Mohawk tribe, who had then became known as the leader of five nations, against one of their rivals, the Algonquin tribes. In the history of North America, these wars are known to be one of the bloodiest series of disputes. The French then decided they needed the Iroquois as allies against the English invasions, after the Iroquois lost their Dutch allies. Finally in 1698 the Iroquois filed a suit for peace finishing the wars. The Iroquois and French then signed the 1701 Grande Paix (Great Peace) agreement allowing refugees back onto their land. Aquila, 1983) Options/ Outcomes There are said to be 125000 Iroquois people still living in seventeen scattered communities, in the United States and Canada, primarily in Ontario, Quebec, and New York. These people are still dealing with the problems of their ancestors. The main issue they face today is still land. After the American Revolution, which resulted in the division of the Iroquois, an international border separated them. Many projects came about that did not benefit the Iroquois such as the development of highways, power lines, railroads, etc. resulting in the loss of land. There were also many land sales that deteriorated their territory quickly. (Haudenosaunee Today, 2011) Today the Iroquois maintain strong links to each other even though they live miles from each other. They do this through family, political, and religious beliefs. Each community now has their own government, and their main chiefs still meet, as the Iroquois confederacy, to stay independent from the US or Canadian controls. (Haudenosaunee Today, 2011) Their society has changed immensely in the way they live. They no longer live in longhouses even though they can be still found on some reservations. Instead they have updated into modern living, and li ve in framed houses or trailers, but are still situated on reservations. Their communities have now taken the look of any small community including shops, libraries, nursing homes, restaurants, etc. Some communities have built culture centers and museums to show their ancestors histories. These show how far they have come as a community, and all the obstacles they had to face. (Haudenosaunee Today, 2011) One major problem seen on the majority of reservations is the standard of living. It is particularly lower on reservations compared to the white communities surrounding them. Although many of these Iroquois are wage workers, many of them are on welfare, causing unemployment to be a serious problem. (Haudenosaunee Today, 2011) To proceed in a positive way, I believe the Iroquois need to come to an agreement and work with the â€Å"white† people they fought with so many years ago. Doing so could provide them and their future Iroquois with more opportunities and start modern tra ditions that relate more closely with today’s societies. Still allowing them to pass down their stories and many obstacles to all future Iroquois and keeping cultural traditions as all modern cultures do. Conclusion/ Future The Iroquois culture remains interesting and questionable. It will be interesting to see how the present and future Iroquois will relate and act, with respect to their ancestors, and how they will be raised. After many centuries of unresolved land issues, is there any way to fix these problems and live as one environment, to give every community equal chances. Will they follow the path of their ancestors and continue to fight. One of the most fascinating things about the Iroquois is the fact that they are a matrilineal society will they ever adapt to the North American society where it is said that men are in main control. As a society, we must wait and let the world unfold and hopefully begin to answer our many questions. Work Cited Aquila, R. (1983). The Iroquois Restoration: Iroquois Diplomacy on the Colonial Frontier, 1701-1754. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. Colden, C. (1973). The History of the Five Indian Nations: Depending on the Province of New-York in America. Ithaca and london: Cornell University Press. Snyderman, G. S. (1961). The Function of Wampum in Iroquois Religion. JSTOR: Google Scholar, 105(6), 571 – 573. Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://www. jstor. org/stable/985167? seq=3 HAUDENOSAUNEE TODAY. (n. d. ). Iroquois Museum. Retrieved March 16, 2011, from www. iroquoismuseum. org/iroquois. htm Ali, S. , Behan, M. (2010, December 14). Chapter Two: Before and After Contact | Feeding New York. Macaulay Honors College. Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://macaulay. cuny. edu/eportfolios/marcotullio2010/2010/12/14/chapter-two-before-and-after-contact/ Baskin, C. (1982). Women in Iroquois Society. Canadian Women Studies, 4(2), p 42-46. Retrieved March 16, 2011, from ://pi. library. yorku. ca/ojs/index. php/cws/article/viewFile/13888/12941 Conrad, M. (1999). Disorderly DrinkingReconsidering Seventeenth-Century Iroquois Alcohol Use. American Indian Quarterly, 23. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://www. questia. com/googleScholar. qst? doc95212508 Fenton, W. (1986). A Further Note on Iroquois Suicide. Ethnohistory, 33(4), p 448-449. Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://www. jstor. org/stable/482042? seq=1 We will write a custom essay sample on The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Iroquois: People of the Longhouse Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Rise Of The Golden Horde Essays - Borjigin, Mongol Empire

The Rise Of The Golden Horde Essays - Borjigin, Mongol Empire The Rise of The Golden Horde May 4, 1997 HS123hLiberty Block 3 Thesis: The Mongols rose to power because they were a highly advanced culture as seen through their military technology, their trade and preservation of elaborate art work, and their fair administrative policy. The Mongols were one of the most feared groups in history. The very mention of the name "Genghis Khan" struck terror into every king and every peasant. How did a scattered collection of goat herders, led by the fatherless child of a minor chieftain, build the largest empire in history? How were they able to build an empire that would eventually stretch across Asia, India, the Mid-East and Eastern Europe? The Mongols were able to rise to power because they were a highly advanced culture as seen through their military technology, their trade and preservation of elaborate art work, and their fair administrative policy. One of the greatest factors in the Mongol's favor was their highly advanced military technology. Mongols were so skilled at siege-craft that they rarely lost when besieging a castle. In order to use the latest in military siege craft, the Mongols contracted Chinese and Middle Eastern engineers who could design, build and use siege devices like catapults (Lemonick, 67). On one occasion the Mongols built their own wall outside the city's own walls so they could shoot missiles from relative safety. When the Mongols besieged a city, they also used many ingenious strategies. One of the most commonly used Mongol tactic was to besiege the city for a while, then fall back. The army inside the city walls, thinking the Mongols were retreating, would open the gates and come out in pursuit. From there the powerful Mongols would destroy the tired army, which was probably suffering water and food shortages inside the sealed-off walls. One very clever tactic used by the Mongols was the use of water. "On one occasion that the caliph's troops ventured forth, the Mongols broke a dike behind them, trapping them with flood waters." (Edwards, The Great Khans, 25) This quote refers to an incident when the city of Nishapur, capital of Shah Mohammed. The Mongols used almost the same strategy when attacking Xi Xia. The Mongols, unable to take the city by conventional means, looked to a nearby river and broke its levy. This flood either threatened to or did destroy the city's wall, and forced the city to surrender (Edwards, Lord of the Mongols, 37). The Mongols also had good weapons for non-siege warfare. Their greatest battlefield asset was their horse. The hardy Mongols ponies were treated with such care that many people today may think of it as pampering. Because of these ponies, the Mongol cavalry had the ability to advance on its enemy at astonishing speed. Mongols also made use of stirrups, which allowed them to ride standing up and to shoot arrows in any direction. The Mongols also had a well-developed communication system, called "orto" that involved riders carrying messages on horseback, similar to the pony express. This system was highly important in learning about and deterring any potential enemies (Kessier, 52). The Mongols also made a lasting contribution through their preservation and creation of superb art work. A great gift of the Mongols was their preservation of Chinese, Indian, and Mid- Eastern art styles. During the reign of Kublai Khan many Chinese works including porcelain and silk clothing were brought to his court. "Bejeweled and robed in silk, he [Kublai Khan] ruled from a palace whose walls were plated with gold and silver and decorated with the figures of dragons, beasts and birds" (Time, 26) Kublai obviously had a taste for Chinese luxuries. By bringing artworks to his court, he was able to preserve them. The Mongols also influenced the works of other countries, as seen here: "The discovery of Chinese and Indian inspired imagery on porcelain and sculpture confirm Mongolia's role in the cultural exchange between China and Eurasia." (Lemonick, 66) ]Much artwork that is today considered to be ancient Chinese was influenced or actually made by the Mongols. They were able to make such influences due to their control of the "silk road," the thousand mile long trade network linking Russia, Mongolia, China and India. On this trade route the Mongols also traded their own work. Their art, however, was much more practical. As opposed to making vases and paintings, the Mongols carved elaborate designs on their saddles and weapons like their bows and arrows. Although the Mongols are often portrayed as ruthless cannibals,

Local Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Local Practice - Essay Example Even as minority ethnic groups may deem equality of treatment in healthcare, it has to be acknowledged that differences in physiological makeup make it prudent to offer differentiated healthcare. Furthermore cultural practices also call for a differentiation of healthcare since, different local practices result into differentiated healthcare needs. Discussion Engagement in Risky Behavior Risky behavior is in many instances an important predictor of the health of a population. While human beings acknowledge that risky behavior is a cause for poor health it is also a fact that instances of obesity as a result of engaging in the risky behavior of eating of junk food still exists. There are other risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking which despite education on their effects still continue to unexplainably show high rates of prevalence among the American population. The same may also be said of cultural practices which though proven to be negative continue to be adhered by certain populations. While some cultural practices lead to negative and risky behavior, the cultural practices of some ethnic groups have the opposite effect. A good example of this is the prohibition of alcohol and tobacco among the Amish and the prohibition of alcohol among the Arabs. On the other hand the immigrants in America are led to alcohol consumption due to the stress of attaining the American dream.

Finance for Business Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance for Business Decisions - Essay Example AMP Limited’s financial data of 2011 shows that the company has 949,037 shareholders with a total share capital of 2,854,672,784 ordinary shares. The total number of Employees that work under the banner of AMP Limited is 6000, with 4131 employed and self-employed planners and has a relationship with 6,000 independent financial planners (AMP 2012). The company has two major business units, the first works under the name of AMP Financial Services where 4100 aligned and employed planners provide services regarding income protection, disability and life insurance, superannuation and superannuation services for business, retirement income, selected banking products and financial advices to its customers based in Australia and New Zealand. The second unit AMP Capital is diversified investment managers, who invest in fixed interest, property, diversified funds, equities and infrastructure. Currently they are managing $123 billion in assets for those who believe in AMP Capital and their strategies of creating wealth for their clients. The growth is on going with the emergence into different countries worldwide. The merger between AMP with AXA Asia Pacific Holding in 2011 gave a boost to the growth of AMP Limited as being the strongest business of Australia and New Zealand enhancing their services while it creates a competitive force in the financial sector. The investment in AXA Pacific Holding has proved to be a strong policy for the company’s future growth as the merger has increased sales, company has become more competitive and an expanding advisory force. Based on the financial report the company maintains its payout ratio of 75 to 85 percent by announcing a dividend of 14 cents per share for the year 2011. However, the net profit attributable to shareholder of the company declined by 11% and reached $688 million compared to $775 million in 2010. The underlying profit shows 20% increase of $909 million than the previous year, as the 9 months contribution

Excluding all finance and accounting courses, what has been your Essay

Excluding all finance and accounting courses, what has been your favorite course taken as an undergraduate and why - Essay Example Another aspect of marketing that makes the course my favorite is its broad functionality. Marketing equips one with skills useful to almost any organization that seeks to promote itself and remain competitive. Knowledge of consumer psychology presents a fascinating experience that I view as an opportunity to better my understanding of business processes. Learning the role of psychology in consumer marketing was an important aspect that made me like the course. The course allows students to carry out field research together, and this provides an opportunity for me to develop my research skills. I also like the fact that the course allows me to evaluate commercials for stereotypes and gender identity. Conclusively, marketing as a course has provided me with skills that I feel will serve as a competitive advantage in the job

The Infuence Of Technology On Criminal Behavior

The Infuence Of Technology On Criminal Behavior â€Å"That technology influences criminal behaviour in all its aspects can hardly be disputed. If mobile phones and laptop computers are available for seizure by thieves and robbers, technology in the form of anti-theft devices for vehicles and burglar alarms for buildings have also played their part in deterring the felons.† The advancement of technology clearly alters and extends crime and criminal behaviour and has resulted in new offences coming into existence. In turn, criminal detection and legislation has reacted to the effects of technology upon crime, often by adopting new technology and including reference to technology in legislation and judgments. Offences such as fraud have developed through technological advancement resulting in offences becoming much easier to perpetrate: â€Å"The requirement that a person be outside his place of abode when going equipped [to commit fraud] may have worked in 1968, but in the modern world, with computers, fraud may be perpetrat ed by a person sitting at his computer terminal in his home.† Nicholas Yeo highlights how the adapting legislation attempting to tackle the effects of technology upon crime have resulted in Prosecutors having a â€Å"wide palette of overlapping offences, from which to select†. This demonstrates the extent to which the Criminal Justice system is adapting to accommodate technological advances in crime. But what of offences pertaining to the person such as assault and sexual offences? Technology has greatly extended our understanding of what constitutes a sexual offence predominately through the medium of the internet. This form of technology allows sexual offenders to commit offences against children without having to be in the childs presence. It is arguably the internet which most illustrates the extension of the human body which technology may allow. The internet has implications for other crimes against the person, notably the offence of harassment arguably bordering on assault. This essay will assess the implications of the internet illustrated through the offences of sexual grooming and harassment to demonstrate the extent to which technology effects crimes against the person both the offender and the victim. Where crimes develop, clearly crime detection and control must evolve to match this development. Crime control has developed significantly through time, no more than in recent years, due to the advancement of technology. This essay will focus upon the replacement of traditional â€Å"bobbies walking the beat† with CCTV and Electronic witness statement recording. In addition, the methods used to tackle the modern effects of the internet and other technologies upon crime will be considered. Technology has acted to extend criminal activity beyond what was previously physically possible but it has also extended the capabilities of police officers and criminal agencies beyond what was traditionally achievable utilising man power alone. As Richard Card highlights, â€Å"Paedophiles have not been slow to make use of the internet to gain the trust and confidence of children in â€Å"Chat room conversations† for their own purposes.† In light of this, the criminal justice system has legislated, though the Sexual Offences Act 2003 to protect children form internet grooming. S 15(1) provides that an offence is committed should an adult communicate with a child under 16 and intentionally uses this communication to meet with a child to commission an offence. â€Å"Communication† extends to the use of the internet. Under the 2003 Act, for an offence to be committed, the offender must meet with the child and then commit a further sexual offence. However, of course there is the inchoate offence of attempting to â€Å"groom† a child and this sexual offence can be committed purely through the use of the internet. This is an illustrative example of sex offenders using the internet not only as a tool to commit physical crimes but to gain sexual gratification in and of the act itself. However, the Judgment in R v Bollingbroke demonstrates that the Judiciary is aware of the effect of technology upon sexual offences committed and facilitated through the internet and the potential complexities arising in relation to sentencing. Measures have been taken in recent years to combat the use of the internet in child abuse and attempted child abuse cases. In 2007, the then Home Secretary, John Reid announced the Governments intention to curb internet grooming through measures requiring internet paedophiles to register their online identities with the authorities so as to be more easily tracked. These measures received justified criticism in that they would be useless against any paedophile who desired to hide their identity as alternative computers and email accounts could easily be set up. This provides an example of how difficult, if not impossible it is for the authorities to prevent determined internet offenders. By extending the range of offences and the means of offending, modern sexual offenders and child groomers are far ahead of crime control measures. Another cause of this is that victims of internet grooming are not only arguably easy targets but the majority of children use the internet as a social for um and are readily willing to talk with strangers on the internet: â€Å"70% of young people aged between 16 and 24 are using social networking sites; one in 12 children has met someone offline with whom they initially engaged online; and 31% of young people have received unwanted sexual comment online or by text message.† However, as Andrew Joint highlights: â€Å"The growing frequency of the reporting of such incidents [online grooming] highlights the fact that the UKs existing regulation of this area is inadequate to keep up with the variety of ways in which child abusers are using technology to reach their targets.† A further reason why internet grooming is so difficult to control and detect is the ability for groomers to commit offences internationally. However, though the internet makes the potential for grooming very high, research would suggest that in reality the offences committed are quite low. This may suggest that whilst technology extends offenders ability to converse with children, the progression of this to actually physical abuse is still limited. However, the distribution of indecent images of children is greatly increased by the medium of the internet. This issue will not be widely considered in this work as the distribution of images is more removed from the question of using the internet as an extension of the body. Though the images themselves give sexual gratification to the offender, the victim need not have had direct contact with the abuser (the viewer of the images not the maker of the images) through any technological means. This is supported by appeal judgments overturning sentences for public protection in cases involving indecent images of children but actual physical abuse or grooming of children. Though there are obvious difficulties in controlling internet grooming, the National Hi- Tech Crime Unit has been set up in the UK to work with local units in tackling this issue directly. Clearly specified technology units are required to deal with technology based offences. It has been suggested that as the Government is failing to control and keep up with the technological sophistication of internet offenders, it is beginning to rely on Internet Service Providers to assist them. However, this measure also appears to have little impact on the number of sexual offences committed through the internet. The 2005 Cabinet paper, â€Å"Connecting the UK: the digital strategy† established a multi-agency national internet safety centre attached to the Serious Organised Crime Agency. Some thinkers believed this to be a turning point in the control of internet crime and internet crimes against children in particular. However, in reality this measure was merely an extension of the metho ds already in place and acted to incorporate SOCA into more areas of law rather than progress the tackling of online grooming. Another offence which has been greatly facilitated by the internet is harassment. Like offences relating to the distribution of indecent images of children, this offence is not as physical as other internet offences. However, legislation used to tackle this offence illustrates how the Criminal Justice system is reacting to offenders use of the internet as an extension of more traditional means. The Malicious Communications Act 1988 was amended in 2001 to include electronic communications and s1 of the Harassment Act 1997 applies directly to the internet. The consideration of internet sexual offences has illustrated that whilst criminals are adopting technological methods to extend the range of crimes they can commit, crime control has attempted to adapt to counter this. Whilst we have seen that in the case of internet grooming, technology benefits the criminal more than it benefits the authorities, there are many examples of crime control being greatly developed and enhanced by technology. In the past, crime control was very much in the hands of the police officers themselves. However, the advancement of Closed Circuit Television and other technological breakthroughs have resulted in modern policing relaying ever less on man power and ever more on technology. The UK has more than 4 million CCTV cameras acting throughout the country as the eyes of the constabulary. This has both positive and negative implications and effects. From a positive viewpoint, there is a suggestion that CCTV reduces street crime. However, there is no proof of this and the Home Office has conceded that in fact street lighting is more of a deterrent to criminals than CCTV. There are of course negative implications for the wide spread use of CCTV including the much discussed infringement upon civil liberties. The findings of a research paper by The Centre for Criminological Research in Sheffield suggest that the use of CCTV â€Å"represents a shift from formal and legally regulated measures of cr ime control towards private and unaccountable justice†. This may be an extreme view of the use of CCTV but it certainly highlights the potential breaches of Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998. There is clearly some contention between what is a public area to be monitored by the police and the extent of ones right to move about the country as a private citizen. Peck v. Brentwood City Council (2003) ECHR suggests that the widespread use of CCTV in the prevention and detection of crime may be acceptable but any other use, such as the release of footage to the media is breaching the subject of the footages right to a private life. A further example of the Police Authorities use of technology to overcome the limitations of the human body is the use of Electronic witness statement recording technology. It has been argued by many prosecution authorities and prosecutors that the taking of witness statements should always be recorded so as to avoid the much relied upon technique of the defence to question the original statement maker and the accuracy of the statement: â€Å"The accuracy of the written statement as a record of what the witness actually said or intended to say is liable to be impugned by a number of factors, such as misapprehension, presupposition and inattention, mainly on the part of the statementtaker. Moreover, the written word is clearly an inadequate instrument for conveying adequately the nuances of meaning through intonation and inflection. The delay involved in statements composed post facto from notes will clearly increase the risk of inaccuracy.† The implication of the electronic ta king of statements may be more successful prosecutions but in light of very few police authorities using these methods, there is a suggestion that the negative implications outweigh the positive. Electronic means are generally used in relation to vulnerable witnesses and in very serious cases such as murder but clearly in practice, the police resort to the traditional methods of handwriting statements. Funding is evidently an issue but there can be little doubt that should the authorities use widespread electronic methods for recording witness statements, the defence will no longer be able to rely on human error in cross examination and perhaps more convictions could be achieved. In conclusion, there can be no argument that technology has allowed criminal behaviour to expand both in quantity and nature. Internet grooming is the best example of technology extending an offence which was previously limited to the physical but which has been adapted and enhanced by technology. Further, it is apparent that whilst crime detection and prevention authorities seek to limit and uncover internet grooming, technology is making it easier to offend and much more difficult for the detecting of such crimes. Technology has not only extended the body of the abuser in that it has allowed offenders to access victims more readily but it has also extended the physical being of the victim by exposing children to new forms of abuse. Whilst technology has increased sexual offending and sexual offences it has been utilised by the police in detecting and preventing crime. Arguably the need for police officers to physically look for crime through patrolling public places has been usurped by the widespread use of CCTV. Whilst many view this as an infringement upon civil liberties, it cannot be argued that CCTV has not had some positive role to play as evidence. Though it could be argue the police are not using technology to the extent of the more criminally minded, there can be little doubt that technology has radically altered to nature of crime and criminal justice.

Disorders in Hawethornes The Birthmark Essay example -- essays resea

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story â€Å"The Birthmark† you find a couple fairly prevalent disorders. Although psychology was as of yet not existence, Hawthorne describes them quite well. Alymer suffered from an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, while his actions caused Georgiana to develop a body dysmorphic disorder. Both of which attributed to the eventual demise of Georgiana.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alymer is an older scientist who marries a beautiful woman much younger then himself. Even though Alymer finds his young bride beautiful, he still says that she is â€Å"marked.† Upon Georgiana’s left cheek is a birthmark. The birthmark is small, red, and in the shape of a hand. Alymer believes that this mark takes away from her beauty; even though many other people, men and women alike, thought it to be charming; and those who did not, just â€Å"wished it away.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, Alymer could not wish away Georgiana’s birthmark. He even approached her about it being removed- â€Å"Georgiana,† said he, â€Å"has it never occurred to you that the mark upon your cheek might be removed?† â€Å"No, indeed,† said she, smiling; but perceiving the seriousness of his manner, she blushed deeply. â€Å"To tell you the truth it has been so often called a charm that I was simple enough to imagine it might be so.† (Hawthorne 306)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alymer was afflicted with an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. By definition obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is â€Å"A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and interpersonal control [ . . . ].† (Medical Net) Characteristics of this disorder include the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1) Preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2) Perfectionism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3) Excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4) Inability to discard worthless objects of no sentimental value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5) Reluctance to delegate tasks or work with others unless everything is done their way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6) Miserliness in regard to oneself and others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7) Rigidity and stubbornness. (Body Image)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Out of all of the abov... ...their diseases, then Georgiana would have lived. If he had not been so obsessive, Georgiana would not have developed BDD. And if she had not tried to make Alymer happy, she would not have allowed him to give her the deathly liquid. Sadly though, even in the end, Alymer shows no true remorse. After Georgiana dies, he gives a â€Å"hoarse, chuckling laugh.† After all, his wife may be dead, but she looks perfect without any blemish upon her face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited 1)Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"The Birthmark.† Sixth Edition The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Michael Meyers Ed. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin 1996 p.306-16 2)Body Image and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. 2002. 7 Dec. 2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/disorders/BDDInterview.html . 3)Medicine Net Medical Dictionary. 2003. 7 Dec. 2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=21263 . 4)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, European Description. 1992. 1 Dec. 2003   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.mentalhealth.com/icd/p22-an05.html .

Talent TV, the Reality

AGAZINE ARTICLE Talent TV, the reality. Talent TV; Your one big chance to humiliate yourself world wild in front of a live audience and a panel of overly critical judges, with the often slim chance of getting yourself somewhere in life other than ‘’You’ve been framed. ’’ A chance for the Talent TV audience to express their schadenfreude based humour by ‘booing’ and taunting the not-so-talented.So you’ve decided to enter the talent TV show â€Å"Britain’s got talent,† due to the misleading nod’s and smiles of encouragement from your not really listening mother. Only to go to the producers auditions where, instead of picking just the talented acts and saving mislead people like yourself from public humiliation, send you through leaving you with the impression that you are in fact talented.Then comes the somewhat tedious public audition process, where if you’re lucky Simon Cowell will compare you to some k ind of tone-deaf animal and that will be the end of it, however the slightly more unpropitious will be booed off stage by the audience themselves. However you will still have to wait and hear how horribly you did from each of the judges in turn and unnecessarily officialise that is a definite no before finally leaving the stage, your dreams and your ability to go out without being noticed as ‘that rejected contestant’ behind.In the society, day and age we live in everybody seems to have the impression that derivative ideas are the way to go. Therefore being the reason for the hundreds of talent TV shows now drowning our TV guides; Britain’s got talent, American idol, x-factor, The voice, Britain and Irelands next top model and America’s next top model, which are only the start of an endless list of mind-numbing programs now available.However the shows are not the only derivative idea in the whole Talent TV ordeal, the acts in which are performed seem to ha ve lost originality as the years go on. Every act is more or less completely predictable, seen as though the variety is so little. There is singing, dancing, dog acts, sometimes magic acts and some sort of comedy performance (deliberately or not) within every episode and every series. Therefore meaning mine and everyone else’s expectations of something completely new is very little.And as if humiliating just the rejected contestants isn’t enough, the whole town in which the contestant is from seems to go down with them, on multiple occasions ‘’Britain’s got talent,’’ has been reviewed and remarks such as ‘’Britain’s got talent, more like Britain lacks talent,’’ have been included, which leaves the very ‘country proud’ people more than a little humiliated as well. However many people, half of which being the winners of the show themselves, believe that Talent TV is merely a once in a lifeti me opportunity to become famous.This would possibly be true if you weren’t allowed to re-enter yourself in the upcoming auditions for the next show. People may argue this side of things but really sometimes all we need is someone to laugh at rather than ourselves. So what happens to the rejected once their auditions have been aired? Well they get to live a life of either having no life whatsoever, by not leaving the house, or leaving their houses just to be chased back in with comments like ‘hey, I saw you on Britain’s got talent†¦ you were awful. Those who compete in the first place have to have a very strong personality, one which isn’t affected by snide remarks from the public, or if it really was incredibly horrible, remarks from the press too. On the less embarrassing and more glamorous side of Talent TV many future celebrities such as groups like One Direction, Little Mix or diversity are found in the hundreds of auditions, for people like these and sometimes the odd finalist/semi-finalist a whole new world of opportunities opens up for them, so in some way Talent TV could be seen as a one way ticket to fame, that is if you have talent.So if you find yourself, adult or child, even contemplating entering into the time-wasting competitions for Talent TV save yourself the humiliation of Simon Cowell’s metaphors, schadenfreude based humours and mislead interpretations by ensuring you are worthy of getting through at least the auditions. However, if prove worthy in front of Simon Cowell and his panel of criticizing judges, you may be on the road to achieving your lifetime wishes, that is if you are prepared for the bumpy ride ahead.

Free Essays Online

Free Essays Online Free Essays Online Free Essays Online Free essays online are abundant but you should be very careful not to copy a single line. Teachers as well as students are fully aware of the splendor of essays posted online. Therefore, do not play games with your academic career - use free essays online as samples only.   If you need help with essay writing, we offer customized assistance with all types of essays. You may either place an order or contact us for further clarification. is open 24/7! Free essay online sample - health At the personal level, risk-benefit decisions often involve the question of whether to avoid substances that may be harmful to health. Is the flavor of a steak well marbled with fat worth a possibly increased probability of dying of a heart attack? Is the relaxation, pleasure, and possible ease of weight control that accompanies smoking a sufficient benefit to counterbalance the substantially increased possibilities of dying young of lung cancer or circulatory disease? Do the benefits of using aerosol underarm deodorants or hair sprays compensate for possible health effects, which are certainly small (and may be zero), of inhaling them? People informally weigh such risks all the time, always in the face of uncertainty and often even without access to the basic information about the risks that society possesses. Even when considerable information is available, and the power to act is in your hands, decisions may not be easy. Suppose it were announced that your town's drinking water contained that chemical that gives you a one in 10 million chance of dying of liver cancer if you drink that water for the rest of your life. Would you spend $10 a year on a filter to remove the material? $100 a year? $1,000? Your answer would obviously depend on many things, including your age and financial situation. Consider a more familiar example. There are undeniable benefits to driving a private automobile's convenience being paramount among them. But when everybody is driving a private automobile and commuters spend hours daily in near gridlock, the convenience factor is reduced and the direct (accident) and indirect (air pollution) risks escalate. Even now the benefits of driving are difficult to balance against the escalating risks. How does one calculate into the conveniences and inconveniences of automobile commuting the risks of additional exposure to airborne carcinogens and heart-threatening carbon monoxide or the contribution that the automobile makes toward global warming? Is the residual convenience worth a month-shorter life expectancy? A year? Two years? Is it worth a 1-percent chance of subjecting your grandchildren to food shortages by contributing to future crop failures caused by global warming? A 2 percent chance? A 5-percent chance? Custom Writing The above sample is posted here for free. Thus, it is open for all visitors of the site. If you have found this page, your teacher may find it as well.  Thus, it is recommended to use customized writing help, service offered by professional writers. Your customized essay will be written from scratch and never resold to other customers.   Finally, it will not be posted anywhere online. Prices are very affordable.

Thomas Green Case Essay Example

Thomas Green Case Essay Example Thomas Green Case Essay Thomas Green Case Essay In order to determine what course of action Davis should take, the root cause of Greens struggles at Dynamic Display (ID) must be examined. Simply stated the root cause for Greens struggles stem from a lack of power and influence and a lack of credibility; however, the contributing factors for these causes require deeper examination. To fully understand the lack of power, a brief history of both Green and Frank Davis must be analyzed. According to the Beckman article, Greens short professional background included 6 years as an account manager in the banking division of a company selling Tams to regional banks in the Southeast. He was recruited to ID as an account manager in their Hospitality and Travel Division selling self-service kiosks. Due to his outstanding performance, Green was invited to a week-long training session at the corporate headquarters where he met Shannon McDonald, the Division UP. After several conversations Green discovered there was an opening for a corporate marketing role and began lobbying for the job (Beckman Gasser, 2008). Green utilized his time to persuade McDonald that he would be a good fit for this marketing role. According to Jay Conger, the four essential steps process of persuasion are establish reducibility, frame goals on common ground, vividly reinforce your position, and con neck emotionally (Conger, 1998). Greens track record of outstanding performance gave Green the credibility he needed to initiate this discussion with McDonald. He framed his goals using the fact they both attended the university of Georgia to build rapport and gain McDonalds support. Explaining his goals to McDonald and elaborating that he wanted to make a significant impact in the company vividly reinforced his position while allowing them to connect emotionally. As a result, McDonald promoted Green o Senior Marketing Specialist reporting to Frank Davis (Beckman Gasser, 2008). Green was able to quickly move in to a senior-level position in what could be perceived as a short time frame with very limited experience; a typical career path to the senior marketing specialist at ID included tenure and field experience in the marketing specialist role (Beckman Gasser, 2008). Green moved into a role where he owned no currency or credibility, and was heavily dependent on both his manager and team. It was clear that Green did not have the power to effectively manage his team or work with his anger and O be effective, managers must find ways to acquire power With those on whom they are dependent. (Hill, What It Really Means to Manage: Exercising Power and Influence, 2000). It is important to note that the power An individual accrues is context-specific and hence dynamic: if the context changes, other things being equal, the individuals power Will ch ange. (Hill, Power Dynamics in Organizations, 1995). In this case, any power Green established while he was an individual account manager was lost in his new role, and he needed to find a way to grow power quickly. Unfortunately, Green possessed neither the expertise nor the track record in marketing to garner credibility with Davis and his own team, two very important characteristics needed in establishing power. Instead, Green chose to utilize a mask in order to help cover up his lack of power in the organization, further contributing to low performance in his role. According to Peter FUD and Richard Buddha, if Green had simply asked, What imperfections might he have been concealing (FUD Buddha, 2011), he would start to understand how his actions were contributing to a poor situation with his manager. By adopting the movie point of view to reflect on the situation, Green would understand how his lack of action was perpetuating his problems with his manager and allow him to recognize what changes in his behavior needed to occur. Had Green spent time reflecting on the situation, he would realize he needed to reach out to others within the organization for coaching. For example, his peers would have offered valuable insight. From an organizational and experiential perspective they could provide Green with relevant and credible direction while relaying knowledge around Davis performance expectations. McDonald could have offered valuable insight as Greens mentor and Offer ideas to help Green develop his sales strategy. Perhaps the best resource to reach out to for coaching would be Davis; Green could have learned what made Davis successful and leveraged both Davis and McDonalds positional power with the marketing specialists who reported to Green to help build credibility and establish his own power. Conversely, Greens manager Frank Davis appeared to have sufficient power and influence at a positional and personal level. For instance, his tenure with ID was 1 7 years, during which time he held various sales and marketing positions. ROR to his promotion to Director of Marketing he spent several years as a marketing specialist and a senior marketing specialist (Beckman Gasser, 2008). His tenure allowed Davis to gain the requisite knowledge and skills to perform both marketing roles prior to his recent promotion. This allowed him to maintain positional power within the organization while allowing him to build more influence throughout the organization. Credibility is a key factor in any organization, and since Green lacked credibility in his new role he was unable to successfully have an open dialogue with Davis regarding his tasks. One example involved feedback through which Davis recommended areas of improvement to Green; specifically, he expected Green to begin developing new marketing strategies for his region (Beckman Gasser, 2008). Davis set Green up for failure by using his positional power to put pressure on Green, even though he knew Green lacked the credibility with his team to complete this task. In the workplace, credibility grows out of two sources: expertise and relationships (Conger, 1998). Since he was Newton the role, he was still developing relationships which would allow him to be successful. His lack of experience reverted him from possessing the appropriate expertise to build credibility with his team. Additionally, when Green did not agree with Davis, he openly voiced his opinions to fellow employees and mana gers, and on one occasion during a budget planning meeting, Green directly challenged Davis on some of his forecasts. His relationship with Davis eventually reached a point where he purposely avoided interactions with Davis whenever he could (Beckman Gasser, 2008). If Green had successfully gained power and credibility with those he was heavily dependent, the relationship with Davis would not have deteriorated so quickly or to the extreme it did, and would have increased Greens chances for success in his current role. Failure to complete assigned tasks also hurt Greens credibility with his manager. In his former role, Green was very effective at building credibility by performing at a high level; this is evident because of the fact that .. Enron executives Quickly took notice of Greens performance and were eager to strengthen his relationship with the company (Beckman Gasser, 2008). Only through high performance and strong credibility could Green attract that kind of attention with executives. In order to build this type of credibility, Green must have met or exceeded all of the goals and objectiv es outlined for him; had he found a way to perform at that level in his new role, Green would have succeeded in gaining credibility with Davis and avoided the poor relationship with his manager. He could also have leveraged his sales experience, along with the requested information from Davis, to further build the credibility and meet his goal of making an impact at ID. Along with a lack of power and credibility, Thomas Green lacked influence. One of the key ways he lacked influence was illustrated by is inability to effectively persuade his manager. For example, when Green challenged Davis regarding the sales figures Davis presented at a meeting, Green did not have sufficient data to help support his claims that the numbers proposed by Davis were unreasonable (Beckman Gasser, 2008). For Davis, having quantitative data was very important for any discussion and would have provided Green common ground to engage in open dialogue. This also would have allowed Green the support needed for his position, and could lead to fact-based open discussion rather than an assumption-based argument. Stilling self-awareness, Green would have recognized that rather than directly challenging his manager in an open meeting, an off-line discussion would have allowed both sides avoid the risk of letting their passion control their arguments. When combined with a data-driven discussion, Green would have been able to successfully argue his points while gaining credibility with his manager. Alternative Theory E-mails Davis sent to McDonald paint a picture of an employee who is lazy and incompetent, supported by a line from an e-mail that read Thomas wastes a great deal of time complaining about the problems of selling And Numerous incidents of poor judgment and questionable behavior concerned me (Beckman Gasser, 2008). Green ineffectively dealt with office politics while unsuccessfully managing the challenges of interdependency (depending on others to get things done while they dependent on you), diversity (the differences between managers and those whom they depend on), and power gaps (the formal authority over those whom they are dependent) (Hill, Power Dynamics in Organizations, 1995). While suggestions have been made on how to improve his work within the office and with clients, Green chooses not to follow through with them. Green openly challenging Davis in a meeting set into motion the negative aspect of the law of reciprocity (do to others what they do to you) (Hill, Power Dynamics in Organizations, 1995). By making an enemy out of Davis, Green destroyed any credibility he had. He also complained about Davis to other coworkers which can slowly poison a work environment. These statements show that Davis is appropriately considering a change with Greens position, but perhaps Davis should reconsider the consequences of terminating Green. A little bit of self- reflection would show that a percentage of the blame should be focused on IM. Davis needs to take into account that his role has changed, and that he should look to lead more strategically compared to how he did as in his previous role. He should leverage the fact that Green is a rising star in the organization and Offer as much support as possible. While he has given Green specific goals, explaining his expectations to Green and helping him gain power and influence would also reflect well on Davis as a director. Although his role as a senior marketing executive is probably coming to an end, he can seek to be placed back into his former job in the organization. From there, he an continue to be mentored by McDonald and gain the crucial managerial experience. Due to the economy, Davis could theoretically easily find another person to fill Greens role; however, terminating Green would show that he is unable to develop new talent within the organization and reflect poorly upon himself. It may also take longer than anticipated to find a viable replacement for Green. As businesses are cutting back due to the economy, Davis must consider the potential revenue loss of having Greens position sit vacant. Recommendation Our recommendation is that Green be put on a performance improvement Lana and given a short leave to reflect upon the information that has been communicated to him from Davis and McDonald. During his reflection he should take a close look at the series of events that have occurred and come back to discuss with Davis. He needs to determine if he would handle his role moving forward given the knowledge he is now equipped with. He will then need to address the issue of office politics and how he sees himself in the corporate structure at Dynamic Displays. Finally, he needs to ask himself if he feels that he is a cultural fit or does he need to part ways with the company. Implementation After the appropriate paperwork is filed with human resources, Davis should have a mediated discussion with Green prior to Greens leave of absence. Assuming Green chooses to return to Dynamic Displays, the first thing he needs to do is address his work flow issues in order to restore his rapport with Davis. He can do this by completing the tasks already requested by his manager. This will be an effective way to show initiative, be a team player, and work to repair his credibility within the organization. Finally, Green should work to be a more effective listener, taking special note of when to talk and when to listen. Green should also work on not biblically challenge his superiors, even when he does not agree with their decisions.

Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Security - Essay Example However the use of computer simulations has certain disadvantages or limitations as well since it cannot be used for optimization (Introduction to Computer Simulation, n.d.). It is a tool that is generally cost effective for any organization and assists in exploration of new systems before building them in real (Heidari, n.d., p.5). The present study has been undertaken on a case study and its evaluation considering an organization and its internal process improvement that is trying to involve the computer simulation measures thereby trying to evaluate the risks and the security factors associated with the new system improvement. Objectives of the Study: Considering the case study and the organization’s incorporation of new system of internal process improvement through computer simulation, the following objectives have been decided for the study: To identify the resource used in the design process which is currently held on the internal network and that may be affected by the change from an ‘internal-only’ network to a mix of internal and external networks. To discuss the risks of the integrity of the chosen resource, if this resource was to be provisioned from outside the corporate network. To identify a technology, or process, that would help to protect the integrity of your resource as it moves from the internal to the external network and back again. Internal Process Improvement and the Design Process: As the case study reflects, the Internal Process Improvement team of the organization concerned has plans to make certain changes in their processes of development that includes the incorporation of computer simulation programs. This has primarily arisen from a penalty that the company suffered from in the recent times owing to missing a delivery that was necessary before flights. In order to improve the current status of working, the team has considered using computer simulation of larger parts of engine that is used in their project com pletion. In the present times, the company makes use of CAD or Computer Aided Design that produce the drawings of the engine containing all the wiring and electrical features (Rouse, 2011). However the usefulness of the computer simulations have been determined and realized thereby the system being attracted for incorporation in the organization. With the computer simulation trying to be considered, there are two possible ways to use the system- either by purchasing the compute resources, or by renting them from outside the corporate organization. Thus bringing the compute resources from the external sources might affect the current system of working that is based on the internal sources and might also increase the risks of security that are the major concerns of this study. It can be understood that with the advancements of technology and their uses in the organizations, the internal operations of the organizations are affected particularly considering the case where the organizati on plans to incorporate computer simulation techniques that has an up-front cost for the company and it is not possible for the company to avoid these expenses. Although there are positive effects of such external resources and technologies being used in the organizations, however, there are certain factors that might affect the internal operations negatively as well. In this case, the risks of secu

Rectorseal in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Rectorseal in India - Research Paper Example Rectorseal is a Houston USA based corporation established in the year 1937 and deals with the manufacture of chemical based products that are intended for use to various trading companies like automobiles and other manufacturing industry segments. The company operates in multiple global markets including USA, Brazil, China, France, and Germany. The company sells its products through a network of wholesalers based across these international markets to serve a wide and diversified target market audience. The company has a diversified product portfolio with the primary products being chemical sealants plastic based pipe cement, thread based sealants, other forms of sealants. Other products also include chemicals that are used in cleaners apart from a host of customized specialty products that are manufactured through a blend of innovation and technology as well as customer demands that are manufactured with high level of expertise and quality to meet the full satisfaction from the clien ts.Financially the company is quite sound with the company earning about 9571 thousand US dollars and generating a total business revenue of around 10207500 US dollars in the year ended 31st March 2010 showing a significant increase over its value from the previous years. The following sections would try to analyze the aspect and the possible reason for investing capital to enter the Indian market. The choice of market assumes significance for Rectorseal considering the growing influence and high growth rate of manufacturing activities.

Effect of mindfullness technique Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Effect of mindfullness technique - Dissertation Example The objectives of this study include identification of the significance and drawbacks of the mindfulness technique. Also, it will examine the degree to which mindfulness is used and compare stress and fatigue management progress with and without it. The research method uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis, specifically narrative and thematic based upon secondary research sources. The results will provide greater insight of the mindfulness technique, including its effectiveness and range of use. After an interpretation of the research results, a conclusion based upon the objectives is provided. Table of Contents PAGE ABSTRACT 1 LIST OF TABLES 3 LIST OF FIGURES 4 CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1 – Introduction 5 1.2 Background/Justification of the Study 1.2.1 Cancer Symptoms 1.2.2 Need to Reduce Stress and Fatigue in Cancer Patients 1.2.3 Mindfulness of Cancer 1.2.4 Mindfulness Background and Justification of the Study 1.3 Aim of the Study 1.4 Formulation of the Question CHAPTER 2 – Research Methodology 16 2.1 Research Protocol 2.2 Eligibility Criteria 2.3 Search 2.4 Study Selection 2.5 Information Sources, Data Collection, and Data Items 2.6 Risk of Bias 2.7 Summary of Measures and Synthesis Results CHAPTER 3 – Findings and Results 26 3.1 Study Selection (Flow Diagram) CHAPTER 4 – Discussion 39 4.1 Limitation 4.2 Conclusion 4.3 Recommendation Bibliography 46 List of Tables Table x-1 Results and Synthesis Table x-2 Theme Results List of Figures Figure x-1 Forest Plot, RCTs Figure x-2 Presentation of Study Numbers Effect of Mindfulness Technique on Stress and Fatigue Reduction in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 1. INTRODUCTION While considering the study on the effect of mindfulness techniques on stress and fatigue reduction in cancer patients, it is necessary to have a brief overview on the use of mindfulness techniques in cancer patients. Mindfulness-based stress reduction is a process that involves techniques of m editation (Folkman, 2010). Medical uses of the technique date back to 1979 with the ‘integration of Buddhist mindfulness meditation with contemporary clinical and psychological practice’ (Chiesa and Serretti, 2009). The technique primarily involves a specific form of awareness being developed (Strosahl, 2011), illustrated by accommodating responsiveness, frankness, inquisitiveness, and recognition of internal and external experiences of the present times that permits â€Å"practitioners to act more reflectively rather than impulsively† (Chiesa and Serretti, 2009). Extensive research has been conducted in order to study the effects of mindfulness on stress reduction. The process is a combination of meditation and yoga (Bose, 2011). When mindfulness meditation is concerned, it involves providing close consideration to experiences of the mind and body (Lambert, 2013). Studies have found several benefits of the technique that includes reduction in disturbances of the mood of an individual, stress reduction, improvement in quality of sleep, fatigue reduction, as well as controlled blood pressure (Lyman, 2009). Thus the use of this technique for stress and fatigue reduction in cancer patients have also become highly popular and considered as a common practice among other treatments and practices. Mindfulness allows individuals to experience things just as they are (Brantley, 2007). It allows the individuals,

Gender Inequality Essay Example for Free

Gender Inequality Essay Femininity and masculinity are socially constructed practices that reinforce gender inequality. Among the most popular variations of the social constructionist theories is the gender role theory as an early form of social constructionism (Gergen, 1985). The focus on power and hierarchy reveals inspiration stemming from a Marxist framework, utilized for instance by materialist feminism, and Foucault’s writings on discourse. Sex is the biological differences between male and female contradicting with gender which is the culturally and socially constructed differences between female and males based on meanings, beliefs and practices that a group associates with feminity or masculinity. Emerging from the criticism of Objectivity, Social Constructionism challenges concepts of knowledge put forward by Positivism, which states that the reality and empirically-proved truths are independent of the mind. For example, Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker writes that some categories really are social constructions: they exist only because people tacitly agree to act as if they exist. † In fact, there are few scientific studies that currently support a biological basis for substantial differences between the way women and men think. Rather, research indicates there is more variation among women or men on cognitive, emotional and psychological variables than between the two groups (Fausto-Sterling, 1992). Despite this however, the idea persists that women and men are vastly different in their thinking. Hegemonic femininity, also referred to as â€Å"emphasized femininity† by some theorists, is a concept that was developed in tandem with hegemonic masculinity â€Å"to acknowledge the asymmetrical position of masculinities and femininities in a patriarchal gender order† (Connell Messerschmidt, 2005). This theory purports that males possess physical strength, the ability to use interpersonal violence in the face of conflict, and authority while females are physically vulnerable, unable to use violence effectively, and compliant (Schippers, 2007). In order for men to maintain superiority and social dominance over women, the constructs of masculinity then must remain unavailable to women. To achieve this, any feminine characteristic that does not fall in line with hegemonic femininity then must be defined as â€Å"deviant and stigmatized† (Schippers, 200). Women themselves have been made to submit to this stereotype hence leaving men to make decisions for them. Sociologists have criticized this as a misconception of meaning of gender to imply sex. Gender s not a personal trait; it is â€Å"an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions of society. † (West Zimmerman, 1977). The notion of womanhood or femininity is accomplished through an active process of creating gender through interacting with others in a particular social context. The perception of sexuality by others is an exte nsion of others’ perceptions of one’s gender. Gender is never fully acquired – it has to be constantly performed and reenacted in social interactions hence gender is an accomplishment, (Alsop, Fitzsimmons Lennon, 2002). It is frequently difficult to sort out how much of a measured difference between the sexes can be attributed to one’s biological composition and how much of the difference may be attributed to learned behavior. How do we know if the behavior is truly sex-based? In other words, is there something on the X or Y chromosome that predisposes men and women to be better in doing certain activities ? Or, could it be that people tend to be better at things they have practiced more and for which they’ve received positive reinforcement over the years? If there are no proves of chromosomal relationships or any biological connections between feminity or masculinity and activities performed. Fathers of evolution studies like Charles Dawin proved that the act of being able to perform certain activities is based on learned practice and not man or woman distinction. This stereotype has greatly led to gender disparity and the world is trying to fight the monster created by our fore fathers misconceptions. National news accounts of hazing and important evidence point toward gender differences in hazing activities. In general, a common conclusion drawn is that hazing among men is more likely to be violent in nature and hazing among women is more likely to be psychological in nature. For example, The Courier-Journal of Louisville, Kentucky (Woolhouse, 2000) quoted Gary Powell, a Maryland attorney who has represented fraternities and sororities charged with hazing as saying â€Å"females tend to be less physically violent than those involving males. Such perspectives align with and also reinforce predominant understandings of differences between women and men. Analyzing the phenomenon of hazing through the lens of gender theory provides some helpful insights on both similarities and differences in hazing behaviors between female and male groups. Gender theory contends that versions of masculinity and femininity are largely learned through a process of socialization rather than essential to one’s biological sex, (Jennifer Coates, 1996). Nevertheless, particular versions of femininity and masculinity rise to ascendancy during particular social periods. Bem (1993) points out that even while the predominant versions of masculinity and femininity may shift periodically, they generally operate as two poles of a gender binary where the masculine is positioned as active and the feminine as passive. In other words, that which is culturally defined as masculine oppositionally defines feminine. Active/passive, strong/fragile, aggressive/submissive, independent/dependent, and invincible/vulnerable are further examples of gender binaries that depict masculinity and femininity as polar opposites of a vast gender divide. While this particular construction is rooted in perceptions of ideal womanhood for white women specifically, it is relevant to all women because it remains a powerful and pervasive image or standard against which all women are often compared. Over the past few decades many writers have documented the differential treatment of boys and girls and the probable implications. Feminist scholars have long paved the way for considering how girls have been placed at a disadvantage as a consequence of gender stereotyping ( Pipher,1995). Studies in educational settings have documented gender bias, most often unintentional; teachers who simply give boys more quality attention that is likely to promote cognitive development and substantive learning. According to the Sadkers’(1994) research, even though girls and boys are sitting in the same classrooms day after day, on average, boys are receiving a better quality education than the girls. Studies have also documented how children themselves police each other’s behavior according to stereotypes (Thorne, 1997). For instance, if a young boy plays with a doll in the presence of older boys, it is likely that he will be teased and will quickly learn that having a doll is outside the bounds of acceptable masculine behavior. Sexual objectification is one of the worst results of the gender fallacy. Most societies have taken women to be sex objects. Issues of rape are more rampant in women; women are perceived to be physically and emotionally weak hence being subjected to intimidation by men. I want to be clear here that I do not consider these vulnerabilities to be innate to girls/women or boys/men, but rather a consequence of complex and powerful social forces that contribute to sustaining unequal power relations as a consequence of sexism, racism, homophobia, poverty and other systems of disadvantage that render certain groups of individuals vulnerable in particular ways. Conclusion Theories that imply that gendered behavior is totally or mostly due to social conventions and culture fall into the Nature versus nurture debate. Much empirical research has been done on to what extent gendered behavior stems from biological factorsAttending to the cultural construction of gender, homophobia, and the influences of race and social class is key to promoting more complex understandings and developing effective solutions to the problem of gender disparity. Interventions in all arenas need to take gender theory into account in order to design educational and policy initiatives that will work, (Jeremy Earp 2001). Making masculinity visible is the first step to understanding how it operates in the culture and how definitions of manhood have been linked, often unconsciously, with dominance and control.